 |
|
| If you can't view the Datasheet, Please click here to try to view without PDF Reader . |
|
|
|
| If you can't view the Datasheet, Please click here to try to view without PDF Reader . |
|
|
| Datasheet File OCR Text: |
| CMX649 CML Microcircuits COMMUNICATION SEMICONDUCTORS D/649/1 June 2002 ADM Codec Advance Information Features * Multiple Codec Modes, 16 to 128 kbps - Full duplex ADM and CVSD - Full duplex PCM: -law, A-law, Linear - Configurable ADM time constants - Dual channel transcoder/decoder mode High Performance Digital Architecture Low Power: 1.9mA at 2.7V 2.7V - 5.5V Supply Data Clock Recovery Programmable Voice Activity Detector (VAD) - Adjust threshold level and attack/decay time - Use to powersave on low signal level - Silence/blank low level signals Programmable Digital Scrambler Flexible Interfaces - 8 bit and 16 bit burst data with sync strobe - 1 bit serial data with clock - Host serial control/data interface * * * * * * * * * Internal and External Sample Clocking Programmable Filters - Encoder mic input ADC anti-alias - Decoder audio out DAC anti-imaging Low Noise Differential Mic Input Amp Programmable Analog Interface Gain - Microphone in - Decoder audio out - Sidetone path Low Cost Digital Cordless Headset Personal Area Network (PAN) Voice Link Digital Cordless Telephone Wireless Digital PBX Full Duplex Digital Radio (TDD) Systems Time Division Duplex Systems Portable Digital Voice Communicator Digital Voice Delay Applications * * * * * * * * * * XTAL/ Clock XTAL Osc Clock Gen PCM ENCODER Tx VAD Transcode Buffer Scramble ADM Data & Sample Clocks Data & Sample Clocks TX data Analog Input MIC AMP Analog Output sidetone Transcoded Data & Status ADM Rx VAD Transcode Buffer PCM DECODER Descramble Serial I/O serial control & data Control + Data & Clock Recovery RX data 1. Brief Description The CMX649 Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM) Voice Codec provides full duplex ADM, -law, A-law, and linear PCM codec and transcoder functions for cost effective, low power, wireless voice applications. Selectable operating modes and algorithms support many applications. Robust ADM coding (e.g. CVSD) reduces host protocol and software burdens, eliminating forward error correction, framing protocols and algorithm processing. Dual transcode/decode mode supports multichannel applications. Integrated audio filter responses adjust independently from the codec 16kbps to 128kbps data rates. Codec sample clocks are externally applied or internally generated. High performance analog interfaces and sidetone include digital gain controls. Encoder and decoder voice activity detectors support powersaving. (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc ADM Codec CMX649 The CMX649 ADM Voice Codec supports 2.7V to 5.5V operation and is available in 20-pin SOIC (D3) and TSSOP (E3) packages. CONTENTS Section 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Page Brief Description.................................................................................. 1 Block Diagram ..................................................................................... 3 Signal List ............................................................................................ 4 External Components.......................................................................... 5 General Description............................................................................. 6 5.1 Block Descriptions.................................................................. 6 5.1.1 ADM Coding Engine ................................................... 6 5.1.2 PCM Encoding and Decoding.................................... 7 5.1.3 Transcoding with the Encoder and Decoder ............ 8 5.1.4 Non-Linear Instantaneous Companding ................... 9 5.1.5 Digitally Controlled Amplifiers................................... 9 5.1.6 Microphone Amplifier................................................. 9 5.1.7 Programmable Anti-alias/image SC Filters ............. 11 5.1.8 Data Clock Recovery ................................................ 11 5.1.9 Data Scrambler/De-scrambler .................................. 12 5.1.10 Voice Activity Detector (VAD) .................................. 12 5.2 C-BUS Description ................................................................ 14 5.2.1 Write Only Register Description .............................. 17 5.2.2 Read Only Register Description .............................. 36 Application Notes .............................................................................. 39 6.1 C-BUS Operation................................................................... 39 6.2 CODEC Data Interface........................................................... 40 6.3 Example CODEC Setups and Application Help................... 41 6.3.1 32kbps ADM with clock and data recovery ............. 44 6.3.2 64kbps burst mode Bluetooth CVSD....................... 45 Performance Specification................................................................ 47 7.1 Electrical Performance.......................................................... 47 7.2 Packaging.............................................................................. 51 6. 7. Note: This product is in development: Changes and additions will be made to this specification. Items marked TBD or left blank will be included in later issues. Information in this data sheet should not be relied upon for final product design. (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 2 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 2. MIC OUT MIC MIC + Block Diagram PROGRAMMABLE ANTI-ALIAS FILTER + AAF/AIF BW REG $61 VREF AUDIO LEVEL REG $63 VAD $E2 & $E4 ENCODER FEEDBACK PCM TO ADM TRANSCODE FEEDBACK OFFSET NULLING REGS $E3 & $E5 ADM INPUT REG $E8 + 0 1 ENC VAD + VDD VBIAS VSS ENCODE SETUP REG $E0 ADM CTL REG $E1 DELAY REGISTER ADM OUTPUT REG $EA + 1st 2nd ESTIMATOR INTEGRATORS x PROGRAMMABLE STEP SIZE CONTROL ADM OUT + ANALOG POWER CONTROL REGS $64 & $65 PCM OUTPUT REG $E6 PCM INPUT REG $E7 LINEAR PCM OUT LINEAR TO /A LAW DATA OUT BUFFER PROGRAMMABLE SCRAMBLER REG $71 TX DATA OSCILLATOR MODE REG $70 BIT PRESCALER CLOCK DIVIDER CONTROL REG $72 ENCODE & DECODE BIT CLKS DIVIDERS CLOCK RECOVERY CLOCK SOURCE CONTROL REG $73 XTAL/CLOCK TX CLK RX CLK/BURST CLK STROBE SCK CMD CSN RPLY IRQN CBUS CONTROL INTERFACE AUDIO FILTER PRESCALER DIVIDER STATUS REG $80 AUDIO FILTER CLOCK DIVIDER PCM OUTPUT REG $D6 IRQ CTL REG $81 /A LAW TO LINEAR PCM INPUT REG $D7 LINEAR PCM IN DATA IN BUFFER PROGRAMMABLE DE-SCRAMBLER REG $71 Q D VOL & SIDETONE REG $62 SIDETONE ESTIMATOR INTEGRATORS ADM IN PROGRAMMABLE STEP SIZE CONTROL ADM INPUT REG $D8 ADM OUTPUT REG $DA RX DATA 1st 2nd + x ADM CTL REG $D1 + AUDIO OUT PROGRAMMABLE ANTI-IMAGE FILTER DECODE SETUP REG $D0 DELAY REGISTER + VAD $D2 & $D4 + OFFSET NULLING REGS $D3 & $D5 PCM TO ADM TRANSCODE FEEDBACK 1 0 DEC VAD Figure 1 Block Diagram (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 3 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 3. Signal List TSSOP (E3) Package Signal Description SOIC (D3) Package Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Name STRB ENC VAD VDD MIC OUT MIC + MIC VBIAS Type Digital Input Digital Output Power Analog Output Analog Input Analog Input Analog Output Strobe signal for 8/16 buffered serial I/O. Encoder voice activity detector output. Positive supply rail. Analog output signal from microphone amplifier. Analog non-inverting input to microphone amplifier. Analog inverting input to microphone amplifier. VDD/2 - Not suitable for external applications without buffering. Pin should be decoupled to VSS with a capacitor (>1F). Analog Output signal from decoder. Negative supply rail (Ground). Decoder voice activity detector output. Received signal serial data input. Decoder data clock. 4 - 16 MHz crystal oscillator input. ) ) ) C-BUS control signals. ) ) Clock signal for encoded data out. Encoded data output. 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Notes: I/O NC 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 = = AUDIO OUT VSS DEC VAD RX DATA RX CLK XTAL/CLK IRQN RPLY CMD SCLK CSN TX CLK TX DATA Input/Output No Connection Analog Output Power Digital Output Digital Input Digital I/O Analog Input Digital Output Digital Output Digital Input Digital Input Digital Input Digital I/O Digital Output (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 4 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 4. External Components STRB 1 ENCODE VAD VDD C1 20 19 TX DATA TX CLK CSN 2 3 18 SCLK 17 CMD 16 CMX649E3 15 14 XTAL/CLK 13 RX CLK 12 11 RX DATA X1 MIC OUT C2 C6 R2 R1 4 5 6 7 8 MIC C4 R4 R3 MIC+ C3 MICVBIAS AUDIO OUT RPLY IRQN C INTERFACE C5 C7 VSS DECODE VAD 9 10 Figure 2 Recommended External Components R1, R2 R3, R4 C1, C3 C2, C4 Note 1 Note 1 Note 1 Note 1 100k 100k 100 pF 0.01F 10% 10% 20% 20% C5 C6 C7 X1 Note 2 Note 3 Note 4 Note 5 33.0F 1.0F 1.0F 4.096MHz 20% 20% 20% Notes: 1. C1 - C4 and R1 - R4 set the microphone amplifier gain and frequency response. The values shown set the gain to unity and the low and high -3 dB frequency rolloff points to approximately 150Hz and 15kHz respectively. 2. DC blocking capacitor for driving a speaker from an external speaker amplifier. The value shown is based on a 32 impedance speaker where the highpass rolloff frequency is set to approximately 150Hz. 3. VDD decoupling capacitor. 4. Bias decoupling capacitor. 5. A 4.096MHz Xtal/Clock input will yield exactly 16kbps/32kbps/64kbps internally generated data clock rates. 6. To achieve good noise performance, VDD and VBIAS decoupling and protection of the signal path from extraneous in-band signals are very important. It is recommended that the printed circuit board is laid out with a ground plane in the CMX649 area to provide a low impedance connection between the VSS pin and the VDD and VBIAS decoupling capacitors. (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 5 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 5. General Description The CMX649 encodes and decodes analog audio signals to/from ADM, Linear PCM, -law PCM or A-law PCM. It has programmable clock dividers that enable it to use a range of 4-16 MHz crystal clocks and to sample the data over a large range of data rates. Programmable current sources for all of the on-chip op-amps enable the overall power consumption to be optimised for any given supply voltage and clocking scheme, thus achieving extremely low working power levels. Anti-Alias Image filters and gain controls are fully programmable. All the time constants and other parameters of the ADM can be programmed for optimum performance. The CMX649 also includes a Microphone Amplifier, Data Clock Recovery, Data Scrambler/De-Scrambler and Voice Activity Detector (VAD) circuits. All of these parameters are controlled via C-BUS. 5.1 Block Descriptions The CMX649 contains a full duplex speech codec supporting common Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM) and non-linear PCM coding algorithms. In addition, it supports linear PCM coding for DSP interface applications. This codec offers simple interface and application, yet is configurable to support a wide variety of speech quantisation systems. 5.1.1 ADM Coding Engine ADM is a differential waveform coding technique predominantly applied to speech. Figure 3 illustrates the ADM encoder employed. The device is for speech quantising applications and is based on popular Continuously Variable Slope Delta (CVSD) encoder approaches, with optional modifications and improvements configurable through the ENCODE and DECODE ADM CONTROL Registers ($E1 and $D1). Optional second order integration in the feedback loop provides improved speech quality at a given bit rate or similar quality at a lower bit rate. Toll quality is achieved at bit rates much lower than for PCM. The decoder is embedded in the encoder, as is the case with most differential encoders. Note the symmetry between the encoder and decoder of Figures 3 and 4 respectively. The signal flows for ADM are shown in bold. INPUT + ENCODER FEEDBACK PCM TO ADM TRANSCODE FEEDBACK OFFSET NULLING REGS $E3 & $E5 ADM INPUT REG $E8 ADM OUT + + 1st ENCODE SETUP REG $E0 ADM CTL REG $E1 DELAY REGISTER ADM OUTPUT REG $EA 2nd ESTIMATOR INTEGRATORS x PROGRAMMABLE STEP SIZE CONTROL + PCM OUTPUT REG $E6 PCM INPUT REG $E7 LINEAR PCM IN LINEAR PCM OUT Figure 3 ADM Encoding (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 6 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 PCM INPUT REG $D7 PCM OUTPUT REG $D6 ESTIMATOR INTEGRATORS LINEAR PCM IN ADM IN 1st 2nd x ADM CTL REG $D1 PROGRAMMABLE STEP SIZE CONTROL ADM INPUT REG $D8 ADM OUTPUT REG $DA + DECODER OUT DECODE SETUP REG $D0 + DELAY REGISTER + OFFSET NULLING REGS $D3 & $D5 PCM TO ADM TRANSCODE FEEDBACK Figure 4 ADM Decoding The estimator integrators (principal and second) as well as the step size decay (companding integrator) have programmable time constants. Additionally, the minimum and maximum step height and the depth of the delay register, are programmable via preset values in the DECODE and ENCODE ADM CONTROL Registers ($D1 and $E1) to support a wide variety of different ADM algorithms including CVSD of BluetoothTM version 1.1. The switches in Figures 3 and 4 are controlled by the ENCODER and DECODER MODE and SETUP Registers ($E0 and $D0). Various signal flows are possible to allow standard ADM and PCM encoding and decoding as well as transcoding either direction between ADM and PCM (e.g. Figures 7 and 8). Additionally, several summing options are possible. In the decoder a PCM and ADM input stream may be summed - note that this requires at least one of the streams to be input via C-BUS. In the encoder a PCM input stream may be summed with the ADM estimate causing the encoded ADM bit stream to represent the sum of the analog input and linear PCM stream input over C-BUS. 5.1.2 PCM Encoding and Decoding + ENCODER FEEDBACK PCM TO ADM TRANSCODE FEEDBACK OFFSET NULLING REGS $E3 & $E5 ADM INPUT REG $E8 ADM OUT + + 1st ENCODE SETUP REG $E0 ADM CTL REG $E1 DELAY REGISTER ADM OUTPUT REG $EA 2nd ESTIMATOR INTEGRATORS x PROGRAMMABLE STEP SIZE CONTROL + PCM OUTPUT REG $E6 PCM INPUT REG $E7 LINEAR PCM IN LINEAR PCM OUT Figure 5 PCM Encoding The output of the first or principal estimator integrator in Figures 3 and 4 is linear PCM. By decimating and filtering this signal it is possible to obtain a linear PCM representation, as shown in Figures 5 and 6. Employing either 8:1 or 4:1 decimation filters provides about 30dB attenuation of out of band quantisation noise prior to decimation. The ADM coding engine, which suppresses out of band noise by roughly 20dB, provides (in conjunction with the decimating filter) an overall out of band suppression of approximately 50dB. Using second order ADM at 64kbps with the 8:1 decimation filter provides better than toll quality linear speech samples. Accordingly, 8k samples/sec linear PCM encoder performance can be enhanced when the ADM codec second order integrator is enabled and the ADM codec is operated at the maximum (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 7 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 rate. Decoding PCM simply requires interpolation and filtering to compensate for sin(x)/x roll-off of zero holding the PCM samples. The interpolation ratio can be programmed to 4 or 8. PCM INPUT REG $D7 PCM OUTPUT REG $D6 ESTIMATOR INTEGRATORS LINEAR PCM IN ADM IN 1st 2nd x ADM CTL REG $D1 PROGRAMMABLE STEP SIZE CONTROL ADM INPUT REG $D8 ADM OUTPUT REG $DA + DECODER OUT DECODE SETUP REG $D0 + DELAY REGISTER + OFFSET NULLING REGS $D3 & $D5 PCM TO ADM TRANSCODE FEEDBACK Figure 6 PCM Decoding 5.1.3 Transcoding with the Encoder and Decoder INPUT + ENCODER FEEDBACK PCM TO ADM TRANSCODE FEEDBACK OFFSET NULLING REGS $E3 & $E5 ADM INPUT REG $E8 ADM OUT ADM OUTPUT REG $EA + + 1st ENCODE SETUP REG $E0 ADM CTL REG $E1 DELAY REGISTER 2nd ESTIMATOR INTEGRATORS x PROGRAMMABLE STEP SIZE CONTROL + PCM OUTPUT REG $E6 PCM INPUT REG $E7 LINEAR PCM IN LINEAR PCM OUT Figure 7 PCM to ADM transcoding with Encoder (note that the decoder also can be configured to do this function and in this example all data is read and written via C-BUS registers $EA ($DA) and $E7 ($D7) respectively (for decoder)) PCM INPUT REG $D7 PCM OUTPUT REG $D6 ESTIMATOR INTEGRATORS LINEAR PCM IN ADM IN 1st 2nd x ADM CTL REG $D1 PROGRAMMABLE STEP SIZE CONTROL ADM INPUT REG $D8 ADM OUTPUT REG $DA + DECODER OUT DECODE SETUP REG $D0 + DELAY REGISTER + OFFSET NULLING REGS $D3 & $D5 PCM TO ADM TRANSCODE FEEDBACK Figure 8 ADM to PCM transcoding with Decoder (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 8 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 (note that the encoder can also be configured to do this function and in this example all data is read and written via C-BUS registers $D6 ($E6) and $D8 ($E8) respectively (for encoder)) 5.1.4 Non-Linear Instantaneous Companding When using the device over its standard PCM codec style interface, instantaneous companding can be enabled to cut in half the PCM word size. Either -law or A-law companding are available using their standard 16-chord piecewise linear approximations. Essentially the companded 8-bit PCM word is a simple floating-point representation with a sign bit, a 3-bit exponent and a 4-bit mantissa. This approach yields toll quality speech. 5.1.5 Digitally Controlled Amplifiers There are three Digitally Controlled Amplifiers (DCA) on-chip, which are used to set the signal levels for transmit-audio-in, side-tone-audio, and receive-audio-out (volume control). The transmit-audio DCA is adjustable in 0.5dB steps over a +7.5dB to -7.5dB range. The side-tone DCA is adjustable in 6.0dB steps over a 0dB to -21.0dB range. Side-tone audio is added to the audio output signal via an operational amplifier configured as a summing amplifier. This feeds the receive-audio DCA, which is adjustable in 1.5dB steps over a +12.0dB to -33.0dB range. 5.1.6 Microphone Amplifier The input amplifier is a high gain low-noise operational amplifier capable of interfacing with a variety of different microphones. Figure 9 is a simplified schematic showing the external components required for typical application with an electret condenser microphone. Typical values for R1, R3, C1 and C3 should be set according to microphone sensitivity requirements, those shown are for unity gain. Note also that the microphone biasing resistors (R5 and R6) are microphone specification dependent. VDD MIC OUT C1 R1 R5 C2 MIC + R2 R4 R6 C4 C3 R3 MIC + C6 20k BIAS C7 VSS 20k Figure 9 Electret Microphone - Input Amplifier Schematic R1, R3 R2, R4 100k 100k 10% 10% R5 R6 100k 100k 10% 10% (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 9 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 C1, C3 C2, C4 100 pF 0.01F 20% 20% C6 C7 1.0F 1.0F 20% 20% (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 10 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 5.1.7 Programmable Anti-alias/image SC Filters The anti-aliasing (AAF) and anti-imaging (AIF) switched capacitor (SC) filters have a programmable cutoff frequency to accommodate different input signal bandwidths. Typically, the audio filter bandwidth should be programmed to be 1/10th of the ADM bit rate (or lower) for "toll" (or better) quality audio reconstruction. For "communications" quality, the audio bandwidth may approach 1/6th of the ADM bit rate for ADM rates below 20kbps. The anti-alias/image SC filter bandwidth is programmed directly via CBUS commands to the AAF/AIF BANDWIDTH Register ($61). Additionally, the switched capacitor clock frequency can be altered via C-BUS commands to the CLK DIVIDER CONTROL Register ($72). Typically, the CLK DIVIDER CONTROL Register should be programmed to provide a 256kHz SC filter clock. Altering the SC filter clock from the recommended 256kHz frequency proportionally scales the frequency axis in the plot below: 9 0 -9 -18 -27 -36 -45 -54 -63 -72 1000 10000 Frequency (Hz) 100000 Figure 10 Anti-Alias/Image Filter Frequency Response 5.1.8 Data Clock Recovery Data from the RX DATA pin is driven into a comparator to remove amplitude variations. The output of the comparator is a logic signal that can be inverted by setting the appropriate control bit in the SCRAMBLER CONTROL Register ($71). Using the output of the comparator, the clock recovery block can be enabled to generate a phase-locked clock equal to the CVSD data rate, which is used to clock data from the RX DATA pin into the decoder. The recovered clock frequency is controlled by the CLK DIVIDER CONTROL Register ($72). If the clock recovery block is bypassed, data must then be applied which is synchronised to the clock on the RX CLK pin (either internally generated or externally applied). External ADM rate bit clocks can be used for both the encoder and decoder paths and do not require use of the clock recovery PLL. Externally applied clocks act directly as the ADM sample clocks and should be generated with little jitter for best performance. Please note that the maximum usable frequency of th externally applied bit clocks is 1/60 of the frequency of the output of the internal bit clock prescaler. (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 11 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 The clock recovery circuit is normally applied to the decoder. However, it is possible to use the recovered clock for the encoder section as well. This supports systems where the base unit is using an internal clock or local external clock for transmit and clock recovery for the decoder clock. The remote unit can then be configured to use the recovered clock for both encode and decode. Internal data clocks for the encoder and decoder can also be selected for data input and output control. 5.1.9 Data Scrambler/De-scrambler The scrambler receives digital data from the encoder. It is implemented with a 10-bit programmable linear feedback shift register (LFSR) allowing a choice of various maximal length scrambling codes. The scrambler, also known as a randomizer, provides not only a level of communication security, but may also help reduce the occurrence of abnormally long strings of 1s or 0s. The de-scrambler receives the scrambled data from the data slicer and de-scrambles it to the original data as long as the selected LFSR maximal length sequence is the same as that in the transmitting scrambler. The de-scrambler block has the same configuration as the scrambler and is selfsynchronizing. Both the scrambler and de-scrambler can be bypassed. Nine example maximal length codes are represented below through their polynomial coefficients which can be directly programmed in Bits 9-0 of the SCRAMBLER CONTROL Register ($71): Length 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Polynomial coefficients in hex format 0x003 0x006 0x00C 0x014 0x030 0x060 0x08E 0x110 0x240 5.1.10 Voice Activity Detector (VAD) The VAD function is implemented with an energy detector circuit. This circuit consists of an absolute value function, an integrator and a threshold detector. The threshold detector level and the integrator time constants (i.e. attack and decay time control) are user programmable via the DECODE and ENCODE VAD THRESHOLD Registers ($D2 and $E2) and the DECODER and ENCODER MODE AND SETUP Registers ($D0 and $E0). Referring to Figure 11, the input to the VAD comes from the PCM signal. The signal is rectified and averaged with a lossy integrator. The output of the integrator is compared to the VAD threshold to derive the logic signal VAD_OUT. If VAD_OUT is a logic one, signal energy greater than the threshold is present. If VAD_OUT is a logic zero, signal energy is below the threshold. Attack and decay times for the decoder VAD and encoder VAD can be independently controlled via the DECODER and ENCODER MODE AND SETUP Registers ($D0 and $E0). Typical attack and decay times used for detecting voice activity are 5ms and 150ms, respectively. The energy levels may be read from DECODE and ENCODE VAD LEVEL OUTPUT Registers ($D4 and $E4) for the decoder and encoder and used to adaptively set the detector threshold value by observing the energy level of background noise. (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 12 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 VAD LEVEL $D4 & $E4 PCM SIGNAL VAD OUT |y| + - Time Constants $D0 & $E0 decay C attack time constant factor 1/4 1/8 1/16 1/32 0.5 VAD Threshold $D2 & $E2 Figure 11 VAD Block Diagram (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 13 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 5.2 C-BUS Description Address/Commands Instructions and data are transferred, via C-BUS, in accordance with the timing information given in Figure 12. Instruction and data transactions to and from the CMX649 consist of an Address/Command (A/C) byte followed by either: (i) (ii) a further instruction or data (1 or 2 bytes) or a status or Rx data reply (1 or 2 bytes) Write Only C-BUS Registers REGISTER NAME GENERAL RESET AAF/AIF BANDWIDTH VOLUME/SIDETONE LEVEL AUDIO INPUT LEVEL CTRL POWER CONTROL 1 POWER CONTROL 2 CODEC MODE CONTROL SCRAMBLER CONTROL (1) (2) CLK DIVIDER CONTROL (1) (2) CLK SOURCE CONTROL (1) $72 HEX ADDRESS/ COMMAN D $01 $61 By-Pass $62 $63 $64 $65 $70 $71 EN T7 PREN Anti-Alias Current Mic Amp Current 0 0 SCRAMBLER PRSEL T6 DCKEN INVERT T5 ECKEN EN T4 BIT 7 (D7) BIT 6 (D6) BIT 5 (D5) BIT 4 (D4) BIT3 (D3) BIT 2 (D2) BIT 1 (D1) BIT 0 (D0) X X X X X X X X Anti-Alias Filter Band-Width Volume Input Level Anti-Image Current Audio Current 0 0 By-Pass Anti-Image Filter Band-Width Side-Tone 0 Enc DAC Current Volume Current 0 DE-SCRAMBLER PRSEL T3 INVERT T2 Polynomial T1 Filter Divider Encoder Bit Clock Divider 0 0 0 Data Filter BW T0 0 ON/OFF 0 Dec DAC Current Xtal Current Codec Modes Polynomial T9 T8 0 Filter Pre-Scaler Bit Clock Pre-Scaler 0 $73 PLL EN Rx Bit Clk Select 0 Decoder Bit Clock Divider Phase Detect Input Select Tx Bit Clock Select 0 Data Filter ByPass (2) CODEC INTERRUPT CONTROL Data Filter and Slicer Power Control Decode Enable $81 Encode Enable (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 14 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 REGISTER NAME DECODER MODE AND SETUP (1) (2) DECODE ADM CONTROL (1) (2) DECODE VAD THRESHOLD (1) (2) DECODE OFFSET LEVEL (1) (2) DECODE LINEAR PCM INPUT (1) (2) DECODE ADM INPUT ENCODER MODE AND SETUP (1) (2) ENCODE ADM CONTROL (1) (2) ENCODE VAD THRESHOLD (1) (2) ENCODE OFFSET LEVEL (1) (2) HEX ADDRESS/ COMMAN D $D0 BIT 7 (D7) BIT 6 (D6) BIT 5 (D5) BIT 4 (D4) BIT3 (D3) BIT 2 (D2) BIT 1 (D1) BIT 0 (D0) DEC BY 4/8 Select PCM IN Select ADM IN VAD Attack Time Constant Decoder Output Select Select VAD Output Source Track Offset 0 VAD Decay Time Constant $D1 Syllabic Time Constant Estimator Integrator Principle Time Constant $D2 Dynamic Range for Step Size Integrator 2nd Order Estimator Time Constant Companding Rule Dec Zero Zero location for 2nd Order Integration Voice Activity Detector Threshold Setting Bits 15 - 8 Voice Activity Detector Threshold Setting Bits 7 - 0 $D3 Offset Input Level Bits 15 - 8 Offset Input Level Bits 7 - 0 $D7 Direct Write to DAC Input Bits 15 - 8 Direct Write to DAC Input Bits 7 - 0 $D8 DEC BY 4/8 Select PCM IN Decode ADM Input Local Decoder Output Select Select VAD Output Source Track Offset ADM Output Select $E0 Select ADM IN VAD Attack Time Constant VAD Decay Time Constant $E1 Syllabic Time Constant Estimator Integrator Principle Time Constant $E2 Dynamic Range for Step Size Integrator 2 nd Companding Rule nd Order Estimator Time Constant Zero location for 2 Order Integration Dec Zero Voice Activity Detector Threshold Setting Bits 15 - 8 Voice Activity Detector Threshold Setting Bits 7 - 0 $E3 Offset Input Level Bits 15 - 8 Offset Input Level Bits 7 - 0 (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 15 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 REGISTER NAME ENCODE DAC INPUT (1) (2) ENCODE ADM INPUT HEX ADDRESS/ COMMAN D $E7 BIT 7 (D7) BIT 6 (D6) BIT 5 (D5) BIT 4 (D4) BIT3 (D3) BIT 2 (D2) BIT 1 (D1) BIT 0 (D0) Direct Write to DAC Input Bits 15 - 8 Direct Write to DAC Input Bits 7 - 0 $E8 Encode ADM Input Read Only C-BUS Registers REGISTER NAME CODEC STATUS (READ) DECODE VAD LEVEL OUTPUT (1) (2) DECODE VAD OFFSET LEVEL OUTPUT (1) (2) DECODE LINEAR PCM OUTPUT (1) (2) DECODE ADM OUTPUT ENCODE VAD LEVEL OUTPUT (1) (2) $DA HEX ADDRESS/ COMMAN D $80 BIT 7 (D7) BIT 6 (D6) BIT 5 (D5) BIT 4 (D4) BIT3 (D3) BIT 2 (D2) BIT 1 (D1) BIT 0 (D0) Encode Process Status Decode Processor Status $D4 Voice Activity Detector Level Output Bits 15 - 8 Voice Activity Detector Level Output Bits 7 - 0 $D5 Offset Level Output Bits 15 - 8 Offset Level Output Bits 7 - 0 $D6 Linear PCM Output Signal Bits 15 - 8 Linear PCM Output Signal Bits 7 - 0 Decode ADM Output $E4 Voice Activity Detector Level Output Bits 15 - 8 Voice Activity Detector Level Output Bits 7 - 0 (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 16 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 REGISTER NAME ENCODE VAD OFFSET LEVEL OUTPUT (1) (2) ENCODE LINEAR PCM OUTPUT (1) (2) ENCODE ADM OUTPUT HEX ADDRESS/ COMMAN D $E5 BIT 7 (D7) BIT 6 (D6) BIT 5 (D5) BIT 4 (D4) BIT3 (D3) BIT 2 (D2) BIT 1 (D1) BIT 0 (D0) Offset Level Output Bits 15 - 8 Offset Level Output Bits 7 - 0 $E6 Linear PCM Output Signal Bits 15 - 8 Linear PCM Output Signal Bits 7 - 0 $EA Encode ADM Output 5.2.1 Write Only Register Description GENERAL RESET ($01) The reset command has no data attached to it. Application of the GENERAL RESET sets all write only register bits to 0. AAF/AIF BANDWIDTH Register ($61) AAF Bypass (Bit 7) AAF Bandwidth (Bits 6 - 4) When this bit is set to logic 1 the anti-alias filter is bypassed. The -3dB cutoff frequency of the anti-alias filter is controlled by bits 4 - 6. The filter shape is not altered other than to move the cutoff frequency. The transfer function is a 6th order Butterworth lowpass. Bit 6 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 AIF Bypass (Bit 3) AIF Bandwidth (Bits 2 - 0) Bit 5 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Bit 4 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 -3dB Frequency 2.9kHz 3.7kHz 5.0kHz 7.0kHz 10.0kHz 14.0kHz 14.0kHz 14.0kHz When this bit is set to a logic 1 the anti-image filter is bypassed. The -3dB cutoff frequency of the anti-image filter is controlled by bits 0-2. The filter shape is not altered other than to move the cutoff frequency. The transfer function is a 6th order Butterworth lowpass. (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 17 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 Bit 6 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Bit 5 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Bit 4 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 -3dB Frequency 2.9kHz 3.7kHz 5.0kHz 7.0kHz 10.0kHz 14.0kHz 14.0kHz 14.0kHz VOLUME/SIDETONE LEVEL Register ($62) Volume Level (Bits 7 - 3) Bit 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 The five most significant bits in this register are used to set the gain of the volume control according to the table below: Bit 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Bit 5 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Bit 4 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Bit 3 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Increment Per Step = 1.5dB Steps Off -33.0dB -31.5dB -30.0dB -28.5dB -27.0dB -25.5dB -24.0dB -22.5dB -21.0dB -19.5dB -18.0dB -16.5dB -15.0dB -13.5dB -12.0dB -10.5dB -9.0dB -7.5dB -6.0dB -4.5dB -3.0dB -1.5dB 0.0dB 1.5dB 3.0dB 4.5dB 6.0dB 7.5dB 9.0dB 10.5dB 12.0dB (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 18 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 Sidetone Level (Bits 2 - 1) These bits control the gain of the sidetone signal coming from the AAF output to be summed in with the decode signal at the input to the AIF. Bit 2 0 0 1 1 Bit 1 0 1 0 1 Gain Setting 0dB -9dB -15dB -21dB Sidetone Enable (Bit 0) When this bit is a logic 1 the sidetone path is enabled with the gain setting controlled as shown above. When this bit is logic 0 the sidetone path is disabled. AUDIO INPUT LEVEL CONTROL Register ($63) Audio Input Level Control (Bits 7 - 3) These bits are used to set the gain of the Digitally Controlled Amplifier (DCA) at the output of the microphone amplifier. Bit 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Bit 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Bit 5 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Bit 4 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Bit 3 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Audio Input Gain Off -7.5dB -7.0dB -6.5dB -6.0dB -5.5dB -5.0dB -4.5dB -4.0dB -3.5dB -3.0dB -2.5dB -2.0dB -1.5dB -1.0dB -0.5dB 0.0dB 0.5dB 1.0dB 1.5dB 2.0dB 2.5dB 3.0dB 3.5dB 4.0dB 4.5dB 5.0dB 5.5dB 6.0dB 6.5dB 7.0dB 7.5dB (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 19 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 Reserved (Bits 2- 0) These bits are reserved and should be set to a logic 0. POWER CONTROL 1 Register ($64) AAF Power Control (Bits 7 - 6) These bits are dedicated to power/current control for the AAF. Note: It is necessary to keep the power level set to one of the "ON" settings when the AAF is bypassed. Bit 7 0 0 1 1 Bit 6 0 1 0 1 Power Level Setting Power down (Off). Lowest power (for audio bandwidths less than 3.3kHz). Low power (for audio bandwidths between 3.3kHz and 10kHz). Normal operation (for audio bandwidths greater than 10kHz). AIF Power Control (Bits 5 - 4) These bits are dedicated to power/current control for the AIF and the Sidetone DCA. Note: It is necessary to keep the power level set to one of the "ON" settings when the AIF is bypassed. Bit 5 0 0 1 1 Bit 4 0 1 0 1 Power Level Setting Power down (Off). Lowest power (for audio bandwidths less than 3.3kHz). Low power (for audio bandwidths between 3.3kHz and 10kHz). Normal operation (for audio bandwidths greater than 10kHz). Encode DAC Power Control (Bits 3 - 2) These bits are dedicated to power/current control for the Encode DAC. Bit 3 0 0 1 1 Decode DAC Power Control (Bits 1 - 0) Bit 2 0 1 0 1 Power Level Setting Power down (Off). Lowest power (for bit rates less than 32kbps). Low power (for bit rates between 32kbps and 64kbps). Normal operation (for bit rates greater than 64kbps). These bits are dedicated to power/current control for the Decode DAC. Bit 1 0 0 1 1 Bit 0 0 1 0 1 Power Level Setting Power down (Off). Lowest power (for bit rates less than 32kbps). Low power (for bit rates between 32kbps and 64kbps). Normal operation (for bit rates greater than 64kbps). (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 20 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 POWER CONTROL 2 Register ($65) MIC AMP Power Control (Bits 7 - 6) These bits are dedicated to power/current control for the Microphone Amplifier. Bit 7 0 0 1 1 Bit 6 0 1 0 1 Power Level Setting Power down (Off). Lowest power (for audio bandwidths less than 3.3kHz). Low power (for bit rates between 3.3kHz and 10kHz). Normal operation (for audio bandwidths greater than 10kHz). AUDIO DCA Power Control (Bits 5 - 4 These bits are dedicated to power/current control for the Audio Input Digitally Controlled Amplfier. Bit 5 0 0 1 1 Bit 4 0 1 0 1 Power Level Setting Power down (Off). Lowest power (for audio bandwidths less than 3.3kHz). Low power (for audio bandwidths between 3.3kHz and 10kHz). Normal operation (for audio bandwidths greater than 10kHz). VOLUME DCA Power Control (Bits 3 - 2) These bits are dedicated to power/current control for the Volume Digitally Controlled Amplifier. Bit 3 0 0 1 1 Bit 2 0 1 0 1 Power Level Setting Power down (Off). Lowest power (for bit rates less than 32kbps). Low power (for bit rates between 32kbps and 64kbps). Normal operation (for bit rates greater than 64kbps). XTAL Power Save (Bit 1) ANALOG Enable (Bit 0) When this bit is a logic 1 the one-pin crystal oscillator circuit is powered down. When this bit is set to a logic 1 all of the analog circuitry (register $64 and bits 7-2 of register $65) is enabled. When this bit is set to a logic 0 all of the analog circuitry is powered down (on-chip bandgap reference is powered down). This is equivalent to setting all of the bits of register $64 and bits 7-2 of register $65 to a logic 0. (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 21 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 CODEC MODE CONTROL Register ($70) Reserved (Bits 7 - 3) These bits are reserved and should be set to a logic 0. CODEC MODE (Bits 2 - 0) Bit 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Bit 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Bit 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 CODEC Mode ADM mode without buffered I/O ADM mode with buffered I/O Linear PCM with buffered I/O -law PCM with buffered I/O A-law PCM with buffered I/O A-law PCM with buffered I/O A-law PCM with buffered I/O A-law PCM with buffered I/O SCRAMBLER CONTROL Register ($71) Scrambler Enable (Bit 15) Output Scrambler Pseudo Random (Bit 14) Scrambler Output Invert (Bit 13) De-Scrambler Enable (Bit 12) Output DeScrambler Psuedo Random (Bit 11) De-Scrambler Output Invert. (Bit 10) LFSR Tap Select (Bits 9 - 0) Setting this bit to a logic 1 enables the scrambler. Setting this bit to a logic 1 forces the scrambler to put out a pseudo-random sequence. Setting this bit to a logic 1 inverts the scrambler output polarity. Setting this bit to a logic 1 enables the de-scrambler. Setting this bit to a logic 1 forces the de-scrambler to put out a pseudo-random sequence. Setting this bit to a logic 1 inverts the de-scrambler output polarity. These bits directly program the polynomial for the scrambler and de-scrambler: PR = B9X9 + B8X8 + B7X7 +B6X6 + B5X5 + B4X4 + B3X3 + B2X2 + B1X1 + B0X0 (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 22 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 CLK DIVIDER CONTROL Register ($72) Pre-Scaler Enable (Bit 15) Decode Bit Clock Enable (Bit 14) Encode Bit Clock Enable (Bit 13) Filter Clock PreScaler (Bits 12 - 11) Setting this bit to a logic 1 enables the pre-scaler divider. Setting this bit to a logic 1 enables the decode bit clock. Setting this bit to a logic 1 enables the encode bit clock. These bits control the internal switched capacitor filter clock pre-scaler. Bit 12 0 0 1 1 Filter Clock Divider (Bits 10 - 8) Bit 11 0 1 0 1 Divider Ratio 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 These bits control the internal switched capacitor filter clock divider. Bit 10 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Bit Clock PreScaler (Bits 7 - 6) Bit 9 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Bit 8 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Divider Ratio 1.000 4.000 7.750 7.785 8.000 11.000 15.625 23.375 These bits control the bit clock pre-scaler. Bit 7 0 0 1 1 Bit 6 0 1 0 1 Divider Ratio 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 23 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 Decode Bit Clock Divider (Bits 5 - 3) These bits control the decode bit clock divider. Bit 5 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Encode Bit Clock Divider (Bits 2 - 0) Bit 4 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Bit 3 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Divider Ratio 1.000 2.000 2.250 2.625 3.000 3.125 3.375 3.500 These bits control the encode bit clock divider. Bit 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Bit 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Bit 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Divider Ratio 1.000 2.000 2.250 2.625 3.000 3.125 3.375 3.500 The audio filter clock divider should be programmed to set the audio filter clock as near as possible to 256kHz, via selection of the XTAL frequency and the Filter Prescaler and Filter Divider settings. The encoder and decoder ADM bit rate clocks should be programmed to the desired ADM bit rate or PCM sample rate, multiplied by the interpolation/decimation setting of the PCM filter. The PCM filter can be programmed to run at either 4x or 8x the PCM sample rate depending on the corresponding setting in the encode/decode processors. The encoder and decoder ADM bit rate clocks are further divided by a constant factor of 64 (unless the PLL is enabled in which case the average is near 64 but can pull off slightly depending on the reference source). (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 24 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 CLK SOURCE CONTROL Register ($73) Reserved (Bit 15-14) Phase Detect Input Select (Bit 13) Set to a logic 0. 0 = PLL locks to external input clock 1 = PLL locks to external input strobe. 0 = PLL locks to data edges. 1 = PLL locks to external clock or strobe edges according to Bit 13 value. Set to a logic 0. Setting this bit to a logic 1 enables the phase locked loop in the clock recover circuit. When the PLL is enabled the decoder ADM bit clock adjusts its phase in increments of 1/32 of the programmed period to minimise noise due to timing jitter. Setting this bit to a logic 0 free-wheels the post divide by 64 decode clock divider and thus produces a bit clock which is synchronised to the XTAL/CLK input. Setting this bit to a logic 1 selects the bit clock generated by the clock recovery circuit. Setting this bit to a logic 0 selects a bit clock externally applied to the RX CLK pin. These bits allow for the selection of three different sources for the encode bit clock. (Bit 12) Reserved (Bit 11-8) PLL Enable (Bit 7) Decode Bit Clock Select (Bit 6) Encode Bit Clock Select (Bits 5 - 4) Bit 5 X 0 1 Bit 4 0 1 1 Encode Bit Clock External Tx Clock Pin. Internally Generated encode clock. Internally Generated from decode clock. Note that a system clock or crystal is always required on the XTAL/CLK pin, in order to generate the various internal timing signals, even when Rx and Tx Clocks are recovered from the RX DATA pin. Data Filter Bypass (Bit 3) Data Filter and Slicer Power Control (Bits 2 - 1) Setting this bit to a logic 1 bypasses the data filter and inputs the RX DATA signal directly into the data slicer. These bits are dedicated to power/current control for the data filter and slicer. Bit 2 0 0 1 1 Bit 1 0 1 0 1 Power Level Setting Power down (Off). Lowest power (for bit rates less than 32kbps). Low power (for bit rates between 32kbps and 64kbps). Normal operation (for bit rates greater than 64kbps). When the Data Filter and Slicer are powered off, the RX DATA input pin signal must conform to logic level amplitudes. When operating the device in buffered I/O modes, the Data Filter and Slicer should be powered off. (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 25 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 Data Filter Bandwidth (Bit 0) Setting this bit to a logic 1 forces the data filter to narrow mode. CODEC INTERRUPT CONTROL Register ($81) Encoder Control (Bits 7 - 4) Bit 7 0 1 1 1 Bit 6 X 0 1 X Bit 5 X 0 X 1 Bit 4 X 0 X X Encoder Setting Encoder is disabled and reset. Encoder is enabled to run without generating IRQs. Encoder is enabled and will generate IRQ's to indicate VAD status changes. Encoder is enabled and will generate periodic IRQs to indicate whether PCM data is available or needed when transcoding. Encoder is enabled and will generate periodic IRQs to indicate whether ADM data is available or needed when transcoding. 1 X X 1 Decoder Control (Bits 3 - 0) Bit 3 0 1 1 1 Bit 2 X 0 1 X Bit 1 X 0 X 1 Bit 0 X 0 X X Decoder Setting Decoder is disabled and reset. Decoder is enabled to run without generating IRQs. Decoder is enabled and will generate IRQs to indicate VAD status changes. Decoder is enabled and will generate periodic IRQs to indicate whether the PCM data is needed or available when transcoding. Decoder is enabled and will generate periodic IRQs to indicate whether the ADM data is needed or available when transcoding. 1 X X 1 DECODER MODE AND SETUP Register ($D0) Decimation Rate (by 4/8) (Bit 15) The decoder PCM filter functions as an interpolator for the DAC when PCM words are being received by the decoder and as a decimator when the decoder is receiving delta modulation. In the case where delta modulation is received, transcoded PCM values are available in the DECODE LINEAR PCM OUTPUT Register ($D6) at the decimation rate. When PCM is received the device can be set to transcode to an ADM stream available in the DECODE ADM OUTPUT Register ($DA) at the interpolated rate. A logic 1 sets the interpolation (decimation) rate to 4 (1/4th the bit rate). A logic 0 sets the interpolation (decimation) rate to 8 (1/8th the bit rate). Allows selection of the input to the PCM rate converting filter. Bit 14 0 Bit 13 X Selected PCM Input PCM filter decimates ADM estimator output. PCM Input Select (Bits 14 - 13) (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 26 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 1 0 1 1 PCM words available in register $D6. PCM filter interpolates linear PCM input from burst mode interface (RX DATA pin). This selection must be made in conjunction with the CODEC MODE CONTROL Register ($70). Note that the burst interface expands Law or Alaw signals to linear PCM prior to the PCM filter. PCM filter interpolates linear PCM input from C-BUS interface via the DECODE LINEAR PCM INPUT Register($D9). If PCM filter interpolates, the decoder can digitally transcode a PCM signal to ADM. If PCM filter decimates, the decoder can digitally transcode an ADM signal to PCM. ADM Input Select (Bits 12 - 11) Bit 12 0 0 Bit 11 0 1 Selected ADM Input ADM decoder input from the RX DATA pin. (Normal mode operation). ADM decoder gets input from C-BUS via the DECODE ADM INPUT Register ($D8). This could be used to force in an idle pattern or to play out an arbitrary stored signal. (Alternate ADM input operation). ADM input from digital feedback. When ADM input comes from digital feedback it will transcode from PCM to ADM. PCM filter must be set to interpolate. In this mode the analog interface can be powered down since all signal processing is done digitally. (PCM to ADM transcoding input operation). Selected Decoder Output ADM estimator output drives decoder output. ADM estimator output summed with PCM interpolation filter output drives decoder output. The ADM and PCM signals can be input from any combination of RX DATA pin and C-BUS input registers. Direct PCM test mode. Interpolated PCM output. 1 X Decoder Output Select (Bits 10 - 9) Bit 10 0 0 Bit 9 0 1 1 1 Track Offset (Bit 8) 0 1 For the Decoder this bit should normally be set to a logic 0. When running the decoder as a PCM to ADM transcoder this bit can be set to a logic 1 to allow the transcoder to cancel a DC component in the PCM signal. A non zero DC component will adversely affect the transcoder's idle channel noise and should be removed or cancelled. When enabling offset tracking ensure the decoder ADM input selection is digital feedback, the PCM filter is set to interpolate, and the DECODE OFFSET LEVEL Register ($D3) is loaded with a small positive constant. Allows selection of the Voice Activity Detector decay time constant. Bit 7 0 0 0 Bit 6 0 0 1 Bit 5 0 1 0 Decay Time Constant (ms), 128/(Bit Rate) 256/(Bit Rate) 512/(Bit Rate) Decoder VAD Decay Time Constant (Bits 7 - 5) (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 27 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 0 0 1 1 1 1 Decoder VAD Attack Time Constant (Bits 4 - 3) 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 512/(Bit Rate) 1024/(Bit Rate) 2048/(Bit Rate) 4096/(Bit Rate) 8192/(Bit Rate) 16384/(Bit Rate) Allows selection of the Voice Activity Detector attack time constant. Bit 4 0 0 1 1 Bit 3 0 1 0 1 Attack Time Constant (ms) (VAD Decay Time Constant)/4 (VAD Decay Time Constant)/8 (VAD Decay Time Constant)/16 (VAD Decay Time Constant)/32 Decoder VAD Output Source (Bits 2 - 1) Allows selection of the Voice Activity Detector output source. Bit 2 0 0 Bit 1 0 1 VAD Output Normal VAD operation. ADM bits are driven over VAD pin at the ADM bit rate (may be useful when transcoding or verifying proper application of the burst interface). VAD output driven to 0. VAD output driven to 1. 1 1 Reserved (Bit 0) 0 1 This bit is reserved and should be set to a logic 0. DECODE ADM CONTROL Register ($D1) Syllabic Time Constant (Bits 15 - 13) Step size integrator Loss Coefficient: allows selection of syllabic time constant. Bit 15 0 0 0 0 1 1 Bit 14 0 0 1 1 0 0 Bit 13 0 1 0 1 0 1 Syllabic Filter Time Constant (ms) 512/(3*Bit Rate) 768/(3*Bit Rate) 1024/(3*Bit Rate) 1536/(3*Bit Rate) 2048/(3*Bit Rate) 3072/(3*Bit Rate) Bluetooth compatible when running at 64kbps. 4096/(3*Bit Rate) 6144/(3*Bit Rate) 1 1 Dynamic Range for Step Size Integrator (Bits 12 - 10) 1 1 0 1 Maximum and minimum step size are based on 16-bit word length (-32768 to 32767). Bit 12 0 0 0 0 Bit 11 0 0 1 1 Bit 10 0 1 0 1 28 Maximum Step 10240 10240 5120 5120 Minimum Step 20 10 20 10 D/649/1 (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc ADM Codec CMX649 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 5120 2560 2560 1280 1280 10 20 10 20 10 Bluetooth compatible when running at 64kbps. Companding Rule (Bits 9 - 8) This is the number of consecutive ones or zeros that must occur for the step size to be adjusted. Bit 9 Bit 8 Companding Rule 0 0 3 of 3 0 1 4 of 4 Bluetooth compatible when running at 64kbps. 1 0 5 of 5 1 1 6 of 6 Allows selection of the estimator integrator time constant. Bit 7 0 0 0 0 1 1 Bit 6 0 0 1 1 0 0 Bit 5 0 1 0 1 0 1 Decay Time Constant (ms) 16/(3*Bit Rate) 24/(3*Bit Rate) 32/(3*Bit Rate) 48/(3*Bit Rate) 64/(3*Bit Rate) 96/(3*Bit Rate) Bluetooth compatible when running at 64kbps. 128/(3*Bit Rate 192/(3*Bit Rate) Estimator Integrator Time Constant (Bits 7 - 5) 1 1 Second Order Estimator Time Constant (Bits 4 - 3) 1 1 0 1 Allows selection of the second order estimator time constant. Bit 4 0 0 1 1 Bit 3 0 1 0 1 Time Constant (ms), Bit Rate in kbps N/A (selects first order estimator). (Estimator Time Constant)/2 (Estimator Time Constant)/4 (Estimator Time Constant)/8 (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 29 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 Zero Selection (Bits 2 - 1) When second order integration is used, a zero can be inserted to help encoder stability. Not generally used in the decoder unless set to digitally transcode from PCM to ADM. Bit 2 0 0 1 1 Bit 1 0 1 0 1 Time Constant (ms), Bit Rate in kbps N/A (select for first order estimator). 1.5/Bit Rate 2.5/Bit Rate 4.5/Bit Rate Zero at 1/2 Bit Rate (Bit 0) When decoding ADM, a zero at (bit rate)/2 can be enabled by setting this bit to logic 1. When transcoding from PCM to ADM this bit should always be set to logic 0 to avoid instability in the transcoding loop. DECODE VAD THRESHOLD Register ($D2) Decode VAD Threshold (Bits 15 - 0) These bits directly program the threshold of detection for the Voice Activity Detector. The number programmed into this register can range from $0 to $7FFF (0 to 32767). The equation for the VAD threshold is: (Signal Detection Threshold) 215 Register Value = (DAC Full Scale Reference Voltage) DECODE OFFSET LEVEL Register ($D3) Decode Offset Input (Bits 15 - 0) For normal Decoder operation this register does not need loading. These bits allow for an offset amount to be directly programmed. This offset amount is useful in trimming out offsets that may occur in the on-chip analog circuitry. The number format is 2's complement and ranges from $8000 through $0000 to $7FFF (-32768 to 32767). The equation for the Offset value is: Register Value = (Offset Voltage) 218 (DAC Full Scale Reference Voltage) The programmed offset will be summed with the decoder output signal. When offset tracking is enabled (Bit 8 of register $D0), e.g. while transcoding PCM to ADM, this register can be loaded with a small positive constant (e.g. in the range [2-16]) to allow automatic DC nulling for best idle channel performance. This is not needed if the PCM signal already has zero DC. DECODE LINEAR PCM INPUT Register ($D7) Decode Linear PCM Input (Bits 15 - 0) This register allows input of linear PCM via C-BUS for transcoding. The number format is 2's complement and ranges from $8000 through $0000 to $7FFF (-32768 to 32767). Bit 1 of the CODEC INTERRUPT CONTROL Register ($81) can be set to a logic 1 to enable interrupts informing a micro-controller when the register should be updated. (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 30 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 DECODE ADM INPUT Register ($D8) Decoder ADM Input (Bits 7 - 0) This register allows ADM bits to be written into the decoder via C-BUS and is intended for transcoding. Bit 0 of the CODEC INTERRUPT CONTROL Register ($81) can be set to a logic 1 to enable interrupts informing a micro-controller when the register should be updated. Additionally this register can be loaded with an idle data pattern ($55 or $AA) and then selected as the input to the decoder via the DECODER MODE AND SETUP Register ($D0) ENCODER MODE AND SETUP Register ($E0) Decimation Rate (by 4/8) (Bit 15) The encoder PCM filter functions as a decimating lowpass when the encoder is running. PCM values are available in the ENCODE LINEAR PCM OUTPUT Register ($E6) at the decimation rate. A logic 1 sets the decimation rate to 4 (1/4th the bit rate). A logic 0 sets the decimation rate to 8 (1/8th the bit rate). Allows selection of the input to the PCM rate converting filter. Bit 14 0 1 Bit 13 X 0 Selected PCM Input PCM filter decimates ADM estimator output PCM words available in register $E6. PCM filter interpolates PCM input from burst mode interface (RX DATA pin). This selection must be made in conjunction with the CODEC MODE CONTROL Register ($70). PCM filter interpolates PCM input from CBUS interface via the ENCODE DAC TEST CONTROL Register ($E9). PCM Input Select (Bits 14 - 13) 1 1 If PCM filter is interpolating, the encoder can transcode a PCM signal to ADM. If PCM filter is decimating, the encoder will transcode an ADM signal to PCM. ADM Input Select (Bits 12 - 11) Bit 12 0 0 Bit 11 0 1 1 X Selected ADM Input ADM encoder input from Comparator. (Normal mode operation). ADM encoder gets input from C-BUS breaking the feedback loop and allowing the local decoder to digitally transcode an ADM signal input via C-BUS to a PCM signal output via C-BUS or the burst interface. (Alternate ADM input operation). ADM input from transcode feedback. When ADM input comes from transcode feedback it will transcode from PCM to ADM. The PCM filter must be set to interpolate. In this mode the encode analog interface can be powered down since it is not used. (PCM to ADM transcoding input operation). (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 31 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 Local Decoder Output Select (Bits 10 - 9) Bit 10 0 0 Bit 9 0 1 Selected Local Decoder Output ADM estimator output drives local decoder output. ADM estimator output summed with PCM interpolation filter output drives local decoder output. For encoder, ADM output tracks sum of MIC input analog signal plus a PCM signal input over the C-BUS interface. Direct PCM test mode. Interpolated PCM output. 1 1 Track Offset (Bit 8) 0 1 For the Encoder this bit should normally be set to a logic 1 to allow analog offsets to be automatically compensated. When running the encoder as a digital ADM to PCM transcoder this bit should be set to 0 since the local ADM decoder runs outside a feedback loop. When enabling offset tracking ensure the encoder ADM input selection is either feedback from the comparator or for PCM to ADM transcoding. Also load the ENCODE OFFSET LEVEL Register ($E3) with a small positive constant. And if transcode feedback is selected then the PCM filter must also be set to interpolate. Encoder VAD Decay Time Constant (Bits 7 - 5) These bits allow selection of the Voice Activity Detector decay time constant. Bit 7 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Bit 6 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Bit 5 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Decay Time Constant (ms), Bit Rate in kbps 128/(Bit Rate) 256/(Bit Rate) 512/(Bit Rate) 1024/(Bit Rate) 2048/(Bit Rate) 4096/(Bit Rate) 8192/(Bit Rate) 16384/(Bit Rate) Encoder VAD Attack Time Constant (Bits 4 - 3) Allows selection of the Voice Activity Detector attack time constant. Bit 4 Bit 3 Attack Time Constant (ms) 0 0 (VAD Decay Time Constant)/4 0 1 (VAD Decay Time Constant)/8 1 0 (VAD Decay Time Constant)/16 1 1 (VAD Decay Time Constant)/32 Allows selection of the Voice Activity Detector output source. Bit 2 0 0 Bit 1 0 1 VAD Output Nominal VAD operation. ADM bits are driven over VAD pin at the ADM bit rate (may be useful when transcoding or verifying proper application of the burst interface). VAD output driven to 0. VAD output driven to 1. Encoder VAD Output Source (Bits 2 - 1) 1 1 0 1 (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 32 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 ADM Output Select (Bit 0) For normal operation this bit should be set to a logic 0. Setting this bit to a logic 1 allows arbitrary ADM streams, written in via the ENCODE ADM INPUT Register ($E8), to be output. For example to force the encoder to output an idle pattern 010101... while running, regardless of the input analog waveform, write $55 into register $E8 and set this bit to a logic 1. ENCODE ADM CONTROL Register ($E1) Syllabic Time Constant (Bits 15 - 13) Step size integrator Loss Coefficient: allows selection of syllabic time constant. Bit 15 0 0 0 0 1 1 Bit 14 0 0 1 1 0 0 Bit 13 0 1 0 1 0 1 Syllabic Filter Time Constant (ms), Bit Rate in kbps 512/(3*Bit Rate) 768/(3*Bit Rate) 1024/(3*Bit Rate) 1536/(3*Bit Rate) 2048/(3*Bit Rate) 3072/(3*Bit Rate) Bluetooth compatible when running at 64kbps. 4096/(3*Bit Rate) 6144/(3*Bit Rate) 1 1 Dynamic Range for Step Size Integrator Step Size Integrator (Bits 12 - 10) 1 1 0 1 Numbers given for maximum and minimum step size are based on 16-bit word length (-32768 to 32767). Bit 12 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Bit 11 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Bit 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Maximum Step 10240 10240 5120 5120 2560 2560 1280 1280 Minimum Step 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 Bluetooth compatible when running at 64kbps. Companding Rule (Bits 9 - 8) This is the number of consecutive ones or zeros that must occur for the step size to be adjusted. Bit 9 0 0 Bit 8 0 1 Companding Rule 3 of 3 4 of 4 Bluetooth compatible when running at 64kbps. 5 of 5 6 of 6 1 1 0 1 (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 33 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 Estimator Integrator Time Constant (Bits 7 - 5) Allows selection of the estimator integrator time constant. Bit 7 0 0 0 0 1 1 Bit 6 0 0 1 1 0 0 Bit 5 0 1 0 1 0 1 Decay Time Constant (ms), Bit Rate in kbps 16/(3*Bit Rate) 24/(3*Bit Rate) 32/(3*Bit Rate) 48/(3*Bit Rate) 64/(3*Bit Rate) 96/(3*Bit Rate) Bluetooth compatible when running at 64kbps. 128/(3*Bit Rate 192/(3*Bit Rate) 1 1 Second Order Estimator Time Constant (Bits 4 - 3) 1 1 0 1 Allows selection of the second order estimator time constant. Bit 4 0 0 1 1 Bit 3 0 1 0 1 Loss Factor N/A (selects first order estimator). (Estimator Time Constant)/2 (Estimator Time Constant)/4 (Estimator Time Constant)/8 Zero Selection (Bits 2 - 1) When second order integration is used, a zero can be inserted to help stability. Bit 2 0 0 1 1 Bit 1 0 1 0 1 Time Constant (ms), Bit Rate in kbps N/A (select for first order estimator) 1.5/Bit Rate 2.5/Bit Rate 4.5/Bit Rate Zero at 1/2 Bit Rate (Bit 0) When decoding ADM, a zero at (bit rate)/2 can be enabled by setting this bit to logic 1. When encoding or transcoding from PCM to ADM this bit should always be set to a logic 0 to avoid instability of the ADM feedback loop. (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 34 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 ENCODE VAD THRESHOLD Register ($E2) Encode VAD Threshold (Bits 15 - 0) These bits directly program the threshold of detection for the Voice Activity Detector. The number programmed into this register can range from $0 to $7FFF (0 to 32767). The equation for the VAD threshold is: (Signal Detection Threshold) 215 Register Value = (DAC Full Scale Reference Voltage) ENCODE OFFSET LEVEL Register ($E3) Encode Offset Input (Bits 15 - 0) These bits allow for an offset amount to be directly programmed. This offset amount is useful in trimming out offsets that may occur in the on-chip analog circuitry. The number format is 2's complement and ranges from $8000 through $0000 to $7FFF (-32768 to 32767). The equation for the direct offset value is: (Offset Voltage) 218 Register Value = (DAC Full Scale Reference Voltage) For normal Encoder operation this register should be loaded with a small positive constant as outlined below. When offset tracking is enabled (logic 1 in Bit 8 of register $E0), e.g. while encoding an analog input signal in any format or transcoding PCM to ADM, this register should be loaded with a small positive constant (e.g. in the range [2-16]) to allow automatic DC nulling. Offset tracking can be suspended by loading this register with 0 while leaving Bit 8 of register $E0 true. This holds the current offset estimate constant. The offset estimate can be read out via the ENCODE VAD OFFSET LEVEL OUTPUT Register ($E5). ENCODE DAC INPUT Register ($E7) Encode DAC Input (Bits 15 - 0) This register allows direct access to the encoder DAC input. The number format is 2's complement and ranges from $8000 through $0000 to $7FFF (-32768 to 32767). ENCODE ADM INPUT TEST Register ($E8) Encoder ADM Input Test (Bits 7 - 0) This register allows ADM bits to be written via C-BUS for transcoding from ADM to PCM. An interrupt can be enabled to inform a micro-controller when the register needs reloading. (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 35 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 5.2.2 Read Only Register Description PROCESSOR STATUS READ Register ($80) Reading this STATUS register clears any pending IRQ. The PCM and ADM data available and data needed flags (bits 5, 4, 1 and 0 respectively) are cleared when the appropriate CBUS register is read (or written), in order to service the IRQ. The VAD detection flags (bits 6 and 2) are constantly updated to indicate the status of voice activity. Any change in state of either flag will cause an IRQ to be generated. Encoder Status (Bits 7 - 4) Bit 7 is permanently set to logic 0. A logic 1 in Bit 6 indicates Voice Activity is detected. A logic 1 in Bit 5 indicates PCM data is available (or needed when transcoding) A logic 1 in Bit 4 indicates ADM samples are available (or needed when transcoding). Bit 3 is permanently set to logic 0. A logic 1 in Bit 2 indicates Voice Activity is detected. A logic 1 in Bit 1 indicates PCM data is needed (or available when transcoding). A logic 1 in Bit 0 indicates ADM samples are needed (or available when transcoding). Decoder Status (Bits 3 - 0) DECODE VAD LEVEL OUTPUT READ Register ($D4) Decode VAD Level Output (Bits 15 - 0) These bits indicate the average amplitude of the envelope of the audio signal. This negative 2's complement number can range from $0 to $8000 (0 to -32768 and can be used to assist in calculating an appropriate value to be programmed into the DECODE VAD THRESHOLD Register ($D2). The equation for the VAD level register value is: Register Value = -1 (Envelope voltage level) 215 (DAC Full Scale Reference Voltage) DECODE VAD OFFSET LEVEL OUTPUT READ Register ($D5) Decode Offset Level Output (Bits 15 - 0) When offset tracking is enabled these bits indicate the average amplitude of the estimated offset. The number format is 2's complement and ranges from $8000 through $0000 to $7FFF (-32768 to 32767). The equation for the offset value is: Register Value = (Offset Voltage) 218 (DAC Full Scale Reference Voltage) Since offset tracking is only applicable to the decoder when transcoding from PCM to ADM, this register essentially contains a value that is 8x the DC component of the input PCM signal. When offset tracking is disabled these bits indicate the offset level as input by the user in register $D3. DECODE LINEAR Decode Linear PCM Output (Bits 15 - 0) PCM OUTPUT READ Register ($D6) This register contains the linear PCM equivalent of the ADM or non-linear PCM input signal. The number format is 2's complement and ranges from $8000 through $0000 to $7FFF (-32768 to 32767). Bit 1 of the CODEC INTERRUPT CONTROL Register ($81) can be set to a logic 1 to enable interrupts informing a micro-controller when the register has been updated. (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 36 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 The equation for the PCM register value is: Register Value = DECODE ADM OUTPUT READ Register ($DA) Decode ADM Output (Bits 7 - 0) (PCM voltage) 215 (DAC Full Scale Reference Voltage) This register allows ADM bits to be read via C-BUS and is updated every eighth bit. Bit 0 of the CODEC INTERRUPT CONTROL Register ($81) can be set to a logic 1 to enable interrupts informing a micro-controller when the register has been updated. When the decoder is set to transcode from PCM to ADM the ADM bits are available via this register. ENCODE VAD LEVEL OUTPUT READ Register ($E4) Encode VAD Level Output (Bits 15 - 0) These bits indicate the average amplitude of the envelope of the audio signal. This negative 2's complement number can range from $0 to $8000 (0 to -32768) and can be used to assist in calculating an appropriate value to be programmed into the ENCODE VAD THRESHOLD Register ($E2). The equation for the VAD level register value is: Register Value = -1 (Envelope voltage level) 215 (DAC Full Scale Reference Voltage) ENCODE OFFSET LEVEL OUTPUT READ Register ($E5) Encode Offset Level Output (Bits 15 - 0) When offset tracking is enabled these bits indicate the average amplitude of the measured offset. The number format is 2's complement and ranges from $8000 through $0000 to $7FFF (-32768 to 32767). It can be used as an appropriate value to be programmed into the ENCODE OFFSET LEVEL Register ($E3) if offset tracking will be disabled. The equation for the offset value is: Register Value = (Offset Voltage) 218 (DAC Full Scale Reference Voltage) When offset tracking is disabled these bits indicate the offset level as input by the user in register $E3. ENCODE LINEAR PCM OUTPUT READ Register ($E6) Encode Linear PCM Output (Bits 15 - 0) This register containes the linear PCM equivalent of the encoded ADM signal. The number format is 2's complement and ranges from $8000 through $0000 to $7FFF (-32768 to 32767). Bit 5 of the CODEC INTERRUPT CONTROL Register ($81) can be set to a logic 1 to enable interrupts informing a micro-controller when the register has been updated. The equation for the PCM register value is: (PCM voltage) 215 Register Value = (DAC Full Scale Reference Voltage) (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 37 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 ENCODE ADM OUTPUT READ Register ($EA) Encode ADM Output Test (Bits 7 - 0) This register allows Encoder ADM bits to be read via C-BUS and is updated every eighth bit. Bit 4 of the CODEC INTERRUPT CONTROL Register ($81) can be set to a logic 1 to enable interrupts informing a micro-controller when the register has been updated. (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 38 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 6. 6.1 Application Notes C-BUS Operation C-BUS Operation Instructions, status and data are transferred between the CMX649 and the host C over the C-BUS. The C-BUS protocol complies with the CML C-BUS Hardware Interface specification. Instruction and data transfers to and from the CMX649 consist of an Address/Command (A/C) byte followed by either: 1. a further instruction or 2. 1 or 2 bytes of data (write) or 3. 1 or 2 bytes of status or received data reply (read). The number of data bytes following an A/C byte is dependent on the value of the A/C byte. The most significant bit of the address or data is sent first. The C-BUS SERIAL_CLOCK input to the CMX649 originates from the host C. CSN SERIAL_CLOCK CMD_DATA 765432 10 MSB LSB 765432 10 765432 10 First Data Byte REPLY_DATA Address/Command Byte 765432 10 MSB Logic level is not important LSB Last Data Byte 765432 10 First Reply Data Byte Last Reply Data Byte Figure 12 C-BUS Timing Diagram (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 39 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 6.2 CODEC Data Interface Clock generation (internal clock - Master mode) non burst mode Synchronous operation (external clock - Slave mode) Max Frame length : limited by burst clock to bit rate ratio only Burst_CLK frequency : 5MHz max Data word length : 8 or 16 bits SYNC Delay : 0 Burst CLKs SYNC Length : 1 - (data word length - 1 ) Burst CLKs Words (slots) per frame : 1 Slot start references (from SYNC) Line TX_DATA RX_DATA Directio n Output Input Start at Clk 1 1 Data Transition Edge rise rise Transmission Order msb first msb first Data Word Length and Byte Order 8 or 16 bits (m.s. byte first) 8 or 16 bits (m.s. byte first) Tx and Rx clocks are tied together for burst mode. There is only one sync input. Sync_setup 75nS min SYNC Rx_setup 75nS min Rx_hold 75nS min Sync_hold 75nS min BURST CLOCK 70% 30% RX DATA 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 TX DATA Configure to tri-state or drive between frames. Tx_delay, 50nS max 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 Figure 13 Burst Interface Timing Diagram for Concatenated Byte Transfers Notes for Figure 13: * In this example Bit 7 is the most significant bit. * Once started Rx and Tx data bits are continuously streaming so long as the SYNC pulse continues at the PCM sample rate. * Configuration options support some variations of this timing diagram, e.g. data word length, without affecting the timing shown. * The TX_DATA output may be high impedance between burst frames depending on bit 9 of CLK SOURCE CONTROL Register ($73). (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 40 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 6.3 Example CODEC Setups and Application Help Below are tabulated some applicable settings for the CLOCK DIVIDER CONTROL Register ($72) . Audio Switched Capacitor Filter Clock Settings (clock frequency in kHz) Crystal vs Audio Filter Divider Chart for CMX649 Yielding the Recommended ~256kHz SCF Clock Divider values Register bits clk ctrl[10:8] 001 Crystal Freq MHz 2.048 4 4.032 4.096 8 8.064 8.192 11.2896 12 12.096 12.288 16 16.128 16.384 Prescaler Value 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 3 3 2 4 4 clk ctrl[12:11] 00 00 00 00 00 01 01 01 00 10 10 01 11 11 256.000 256.000 256.000 256.000 256.000 256.000 256.000 256.582 256.739 256.000 258.065 253.968 256.000 256.000 256.000 010 011 100 101 110 111 4 7.75 7.875 8 11 15.625 23.375 (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 41 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 When selecting divider settings to arrive at a desired bit rate from a given crystal frequency, note that some power savings are realized by selecting a lower divider value in conjunction with a higher prescaler value, thus minimizing the frequency of the prescaler output. Bit Rate (kbps) Settings with Bit Rate Prescaler = 1 Crystal vs Divider chart for CMX649 Divider values Register bits clk ctrl[5:3] [2:0] Crystal Freq MHz 4 4.032 4.096 8 8.064 8.192 clk ctrl[7:6] 00 00 00 00 00 00 62.500 63.000 64.000 125.000 126.000 128.000 31.250 31.500 32.000 62.500 63.000 64.000 27.778 28.000 28.444 55.556 56.000 56.889 23.810 24.000 24.381 47.619 48.000 48.762 20.833 21.000 21.333 41.667 42.000 42.667 20.000 20.160 20.480 40.000 40.320 40.960 18.519 18.667 18.963 37.037 37.333 37.926 17.857 18.000 18.286 35.714 36.000 36.571 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 1 2 2.25 2.625 3 3.125 3.375 3.5 Applicable Bit Rate (kbps) Settings with Bit Rate Prescaler = 2 Crystal vs Divider chart for CMX649 Divider values Register bits clk ctrl[5:3] [2:0] Crystal Freq MHz 4 4.032 4.096 8 8.064 8.192 11.2896 12 12.096 12.288 16 16.128 16.384 clk ctrl[7:6] 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 31.250 31.500 32.000 62.500 63.000 64.000 88.200 93.750 94.500 96.000 125.000 126.000 128.000 15.625 15.750 16.000 31.250 31.500 32.000 44.100 46.875 47.250 48.000 62.500 63.000 64.000 27.778 28.000 28.444 39.200 41.667 42.000 42.667 55.556 56.000 56.889 23.810 24.000 24.381 33.600 35.714 36.000 36.571 47.619 48.000 48.762 20.833 21.000 21.333 29.400 31.250 31.500 32.000 41.667 42.000 42.667 20.000 20.160 20.480 28.224 30.000 30.240 30.720 40.000 40.320 40.960 18.519 18.667 18.963 26.133 27.778 28.000 28.444 37.037 37.333 37.926 17.857 18.000 18.286 25.200 26.786 27.000 27.429 35.714 36.000 36.571 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 1 2 2.25 2.625 3 3.125 3.375 3.5 (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 42 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 Applicable Bit Rate (kbps) Settings with Bit Rate Prescaler = 3 Crystal vs Divider chart for CMX649 Divider values Register bits clk ctrl[5:3] [2:0] Crystal Freq MHz 4 4.032 4.096 8 8.064 8.192 11.2896 12 12.096 12.288 16 16.128 16.384 clk ctrl[7:6] 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 20.833 21.000 21.333 41.667 42.000 42.667 58.800 62.500 63.000 64.000 83.333 84.000 85.333 20.833 21.000 21.333 29.400 31.250 31.500 32.000 41.667 42.000 42.667 18.519 18.667 18.963 26.133 27.778 28.000 28.444 37.037 37.333 37.926 15.873 16.000 16.254 22.400 23.810 24.000 24.381 31.746 32.000 32.508 19.600 20.833 21.000 21.333 27.778 28.000 28.444 18.816 20.000 20.160 20.480 26.667 26.880 27.307 17.422 18.519 18.667 18.963 24.691 24.889 25.284 16.800 17.857 18.000 18.286 23.810 24.000 24.381 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 1 2 2.25 2.625 3 3.125 3.375 3.5 Applicable Bit Rate (kbps) Settings with Bit Rate Prescaler = 4 Crystal vs Divider chart for CMX649 Divider values Register bits clk ctrl[5:3] [2:0] Crystal Freq MHz 4 4.032 4.096 8 8.064 8.192 11.2896 12 12.096 12.288 16 16.128 16.384 clk ctrl[7:6] 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 15.625 15.750 16.000 31.250 31.500 32.000 44.100 46.875 47.250 48.000 62.500 63.000 64.000 15.625 15.750 16.000 22.050 23.438 23.625 24.000 31.250 31.500 32.000 19.600 20.833 21.000 21.333 27.778 28.000 28.444 16.800 17.857 18.000 18.286 23.810 24.000 24.381 15.625 15.750 16.000 20.833 21.000 21.333 15.000 15.120 15.360 20.000 20.160 20.480 18.519 18.667 18.963 17.857 18.000 18.286 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 1 2 2.25 2.625 3 3.125 3.375 3.5 (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 43 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 6.3.1 32kbps ADM with clock and data recovery //Initialize device with general reset // This powers down everything excluding the xtal oscillator circuit $01 //Setup analog section // $61 00 filters set for 2.9kHz BW (default after reset) // volume=0dB side_tone=-21dB and on $62 $BF // audio_level=0dB $63 $80 // power_control everything on (lowest current setting) $64 $55 $65 $55 // codec mode // default $70 $00 ADM unbuffered (continuous bit serial mode) // Clock Divider Control // using 4.096MHz master clock // filter clock prescale/=4 main divider/=4 => 256kHz SCF clock // bit clock prescale/=2 encode and decode bit dividers/=1 since constant divider/=64 $72 $F9 $40 // PLL is running with input from data pad // internal RX and TX clocks // RX data input acting as analog input i.e. data filter and data slicer running $73 $00 $D2 // setup decoder // decimate by 4 // decode adm input from RX Data // adm estimator drives output // vad attack tc=4ms and decay tc=128ms // normal vad outputs $D0 $80 $B8 => 32kbps // adm encode feedback from comparator, nulling for improved idle - otherwise as decoder $E0 $81 $B8 // to enable offset nulling load small positive constant into encoder offset input reg $E3 $00 $04 // adm mode // // // // // // $D1 $6D $51 $E1 $6D $52 syllabic tc=16ms step size dynamic range 5120/10 companding rule = 4 of 4 principle tc=0.33ms second order tc=0.083ms encoder zero tc=0.047ms decoder zero tc=N/A decoder zero at 16kHz i.e. bit_rate/2 enabled // vad thresholds ~20mv $D2 $02 $00 $E2 $02 $00 // prime idle pattern into CBUS ADM source byte regs $D8 $AA $E8 $AA //Scrambler and Descrambler both on, using polynomial $14 (5 bit LFSR) $71 $90 $14 // enable encoder and decoder with no IRQs $81 $88 // // // // // note some useful register changes from the above force encoder to output an idle pattern force decoder to idle via idling its input force decoder to mute output via direct PCM out turn Scrambler and Descrambler off settings ($E0 $81 ($D0 $88 ($D0 $86 ($71 $00 $B9) (requires $E8 $AA above) $B8) (requires $D8 $AA above) $B8) (reset default has $D7 $00 $00) $00) (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 44 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 6.3.2 64kbps burst mode Bluetooth CVSD //Initialize device with general reset // This powers down everything excluding the xtal oscillator circuit $01 //Setup analog section // $61 00 filters set for 2.9kHz BW (default after reset) // volume=0dB side_tone=-21dB and on $62 $BF // audio_level=0dB $63 $80 // power_control everything on (lowest current setting) $64 $55 $65 $55 // codec mode ADM buffered (burst bytes at 1/8 bit rate mode) $70 $01 // Clock Divider Control // with 4.096MHz master clock // filter clock prescale/=4 main divider/=4 => 256kHz SCF clock // bit clock prescale/=1 main divider/=1 since constant divider/=64 always $72 $F9 $00 // PLL is not running // internal RX and TX bit clocks both from RX bit clock // RX data input acting as digital input for burst mode $73 $00 $70 // setup decoder // decimate by 9 // decode adm input from RX Data // adm estimator drives output // decode vad driven by adm bits at bit rate $D0 $00 $02 // adm encode feedback from comparator, nulling for improved idle - otherwise as decoder $E0 $01 $02 // to enable offset nulling load small positive constant into encoder offset input reg $E3 $00 $04 // adm mode BT CVSD algorithm // syllabic tc=16ms // step size dynamic range 1280/10 // companding rule = 4 of 4 // principle tc=0.5ms // second order tc=N/A // zero tc=N/A // zero at bit_rate/2 disabled $D1 $BD $A0 $E1 $BD $A0 // prime idle pattern into CBUS ADM source byte regs $D8 $AA $E8 $AA // enable encoder and decoder with no IRQs $81 $88 // Alternative settings for PCM format using second order ADM algorithm // syllabic tc=16ms // step size dynamic range 5120/10 // companding rule = 5 of 5 // principle tc=0.5ms // second order tc=0.0625ms // predictor zero tc=0.0234ms for encoder // zero at bit_rate/2 enabled for decoder //$D1 $AE $A1 //$E1 $AE $BA // codec mode 2=linear PCM buffered (3=uLaw 4=Alaw) //$70 $02 // decoder flow for input PCM plus transcode to ADM with offset null and output via VAD output. //$D0 $57 $02 => 64kHz bit clocks (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 45 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 //$D3 $00 $04 (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 46 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 7. 7.1 Performance Specification Electrical Performance 7.1.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Exceeding these maximum ratings can result in damage to the device. Min. -0.3 -0.3 -30 -20 Max. 7.0 VDD + 0.3 +30 +20 Units V V mA mA Supply (VDD - VSS) Voltage on any pin to VSS Current into or out of VDD and VSS pins Current into or out of any other pin E3 and D3 Package E3 Total Allowable Power Dissipation at Tamb = 25C Derating above 25C D3 Total Allowable Power Dissipation at Tamb = 25C Derating above 25C Storage Temperature Operating Temperature Min. - - - - -55 -40 Max. 300 5.0 800 13 +125 +85 Units mW mW/C mW mW/C C C 7.1.2 Operating Limits Correct operation of the device outside these limits is not implied. Notes Supply (VDD - VSS) Operating Temperature Xtal Frequency Min. 2.7 -40 4.0 Max. 5.5 +85 16.0 Units V C MHz (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 47 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 7.1.3 Operating Characteristics The following conditions are assumed unless otherwise specified: VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V at TAMB = -40 to +85C, Audio Test Frequency = 820Hz, Xtal/Clock f0 = 4.096MHz, Data Rate = 32kbps, Audio reference level (0 dBm0) = 489mVRMS. Notes DC Parameters IDD (powersaved) at VDD = 3.0V IDD (powersaved) at VDD = 5.0V IDD (not powersaved) at VDD = 3.0V IDD (not powersaved) at VDD = 5.0V Input logic 1 Input logic 0 Output logic 1 Output logic 0 Logic I/O Pin Input Impedance Logic Input Pins, Pull-up Resistor Digital Output Impedance Analog Input Impedance Analog Output Impedance Three State Output Leakage Insertion Loss Dynamic Values Encoder Analog Signal Input Levels VDD = 3.0V VDD = 5.0V Decoder Analog Signal Output Levels VDD = 3.0V VDD = 5.0V Decoder Passband (nominal) Encoder/Decoder (Full Codec) Passband Lowest Corner Frequency Passband Highest Corner Frequency Stopband Lowest Corner Frequency Stopband Highest Corner Frequency Stopband Attenuation Passband Gain Passband Ripple Output Noise (Input Short Circuit) Perfect Idle Channel Noise (Encode Forced) Notes: 1 1 1 1 Min. - - - - 70%VDD - 80% VDD - 1.0 300 - - - - - Typ. 1.0 1.0 1.9 2.5 - - - - - - - 200 - 4 0 Max. 10.0 10.0 TBD TBD - 30% VDD - 20%VDD - - 4.0 - 200 - - Units A A mA mA V V V V M k k k A dB 2 2 2 2 -37 -37 -37 -37 - 2900 - 6.0 - - - -1.0 - - - - - - 3300 - - - - 40 0 - - - 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 - - 14000 - 24 - - 1.0 -69 -72 dB dB dB dB Hz Hz Hz kHz kHz dB dB dB dBmOp dBmOp 3 3 3 3 4 4 1. Not including any current drawn from the device by external circuits. 2. Input and output signal levels are independent of supply voltage. 3. Passband and stopband corner frequencies are programmable. Specified values are at nominal crystal frequencies of 4.096, 8.192, 12.288, or 16.384Mhz with the master clock divider configured for a divide by 1, 2, 3, or 4 respectively. For other crystal frequencies passband and stopband corner frequencies must be scaled accordingly. 4. dBmOp units imply the use of a psophometrically weighted filter that is commonly used in voice communication applications per ITU Recommendation G.223. (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 48 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 7.1.3 (continued) C-BUS Timing Diagram Figure 14 C-BUS Timing Diagram (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 49 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 C-BUS Timing (see Figure 14) tCSE CSN Enable to SClk high time tCSH Last SClk high to CSN high time tLOZ SClk low to ReplyData Output Enable Time tHIZ CSN high to ReplyData high impedance tCSOFF CSN high time between transactions tNXT Inter-byte time tCK SClk cycle time tCH SClk high time tCL SClk low time tCDS Command Data setup time tCDH Command Data hold time tRDS Reply Data setup time tRDH Reply Data hold time Notes Min. 100 100 0.0 Typ. Max. Unit ns ns ns s s ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns 1.0 1.0 200 200 100 100 75 25 50 0 Notes: 1. Depending on the command, 1 or 2 bytes of COMMAND DATA are transmitted to the peripheral MSB (Bit 7) first, LSB (Bit 0) last. REPLY DATA is read from the peripheral MSB (Bit 7) first, LSB (Bit 0) last. 2. Data is clocked into the peripheral on the rising SERIAL_CLOCK edge. 3. Commands are acted upon at the end of each command (rising edge of CSN). 4. To allow for differing C serial interface formats C-BUS compatible ICs are able to work with SERIAL_CLOCK pulses starting and ending at either polarity. 5. Maximum 30pF load on IRQN pin and each C-BUS interface line. These timings are for the latest version of C-BUS, and allow faster transfers than the original C-BUS timings given in CML Publication D/800/Sys/3 July 1994. The CMX649 can be used in conjunction with devices that comply with the slower timings, subject to system throughput constraints. For codec data interface timing specifications and diagrams please refer to section 6.2. (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 50 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 7.2 Packaging Figure 15 20-Lead TSSOP Mechanical Outline: Order as part no. CMX649E3 Figure 16 20-Lead SOIC Mechanical Outline: Order as part no. CMX649D3 (c) 2002 CML Microsystems Plc 51 D/649/1 ADM Codec CMX649 Handling precautions: This product includes input protection, however, precautions should be taken to prevent device damage from electro-static discharge. CML does not assume any responsibility for the use of any circuitry described. No IPR or circuit patent licences are implied. CML reserves the right at any time without notice to change the said circuitry and this product specification. CML has a policy of testing every product shipped using calibrated test equipment to ensure compliance with this product specification. Specific testing of all circuit parameters is not necessarily performed. www.cmlmicro.com CML Microcircuits (UK ) Ltd Oval Park - Langford - Maldon - Essex - CM9 6WG - England. Tel: +44 (0)1621 875500 Fax: +44 (0)1621 875600 Sales: sales@cmlmicro.com Technical Support: techsupport@cmlmicro.com CML Microcircuits (USA) Inc. 4800 Bethania Station Road Winston-Salem - NC 27105 - USA. Tel: +1 336 744 5050, 800 638 5577 Fax: +1 336 744 5054 Sales: us.sales@cmlmicro.com Technical Support: us.techsupport@cmlmicro.com CML Microcircuits (Singapore)Pte Ltd COMMUNICATION SEMICONDUCTORS No 2 Kallang Pudding Road - 09 to 05/06 Mactech Industrial Building Singapore 349307 Tel: +65 7450426 Fax: +65 7452917 Sales: sg.sales@cmlmicro.com Technical Support: sg.techsupport@cmlmicro.com |
Price & Availability of CMX649
 |
|
|
|
|
All Rights Reserved © IC-ON-LINE 2003 - 2022 |
| [Add Bookmark] [Contact Us] [Link exchange] [Privacy policy] |
|
Mirror Sites : [www.datasheet.hk]
[www.maxim4u.com] [www.ic-on-line.cn]
[www.ic-on-line.com] [www.ic-on-line.net]
[www.alldatasheet.com.cn]
[www.gdcy.com]
[www.gdcy.net] |